【官方解读】欧盟《人工智能法案》
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【官方解读】欧盟《人工智能法案》
【官方解读】欧盟《人工智能法案》
用户904用户9042023年11月14日修改
发布日期：
2023年06月14日
官方链接：
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/society/20230601STO93804/eu-ai-act-first-regulation-on-artificial-intelligence
内容全文：
MEPs ready to negotiate first-ever rules for safe and transparent AI
欧洲议会议员准备就安全透明的人工智能谈判首个规则
14-06-2023 - 12:52
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Full ban on Artificial Intelligence (AI) for biometric surveillance, emotion recognition, predictive policing
全面禁止人工智能（AI）用于生物识别监控、情绪识别、预测性警务
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Generative AI systems like ChatGPT must disclose that content was AI-generated
ChatGPT 等生成式人工智能系统必须披露内容是人工智能生成的
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AI systems used to influence voters in elections considered to be high-risk
用于在被认为高风险的选举中影响选民的人工智能系统
The rules aim to promote the uptake of human-centric and trustworthy AI and protect the health, safety, fundamental rights and democracy from its harmful effects.
这些规则旨在促进以人为本、值得信赖的人工智能的应用，并保护健康、安全、基本权利和民主免受其有害影响。
On Wednesday, the European Parliament adopted its negotiating position on the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act with 499 votes in favour, 28 against and 93 abstentions ahead of talks with EU member states on the final shape of the law. The rules would ensure that AI developed and used in Europe is fully in line with EU rights and values including human oversight, safety, privacy, transparency, non-discrimination and social and environmental wellbeing.
周三，欧洲议会以 499 票赞成、28 票反对、93 票弃权的结果通过了人工智能 (AI) 法案的谈判立场，随后与欧盟成员国就该法案的最终形式进行了谈判。这些规则将确保欧洲开发和使用的人工智能完全符合欧盟的权利和价值观，包括人类监督、安全、隐私、透明度、非歧视以及社会和环境福祉。
Prohibited AI practices 禁止的人工智能实践
The rules follow a risk-based approach and establish obligations for providers and those deploying AI systems depending on the level of risk the AI can generate. AI systems with an unacceptable level of risk to people’s safety would therefore be prohibited, such as those used for social scoring (classifying people based on their social behaviour or personal characteristics). MEPs expanded the list to include bans on intrusive and discriminatory uses of AI, such as:
这些规则遵循基于风险的方法，并根据人工智能可能产生的风险级别确定提供商和部署人工智能系统的人员的义务。因此，对人们安全造成不可接受风险的人工智能系统将被禁止，例如用于社会评分（根据人们的社会行为或个人特征对人们进行分类）的人工智能系统。欧洲议会议员扩大了清单，包括禁止侵入性和歧视性使用人工智能，例如：
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“Real-time” remote biometric identification systems in publicly accessible spaces;
公共空间中的“实时”远程生物识别系统；
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“Post” remote biometric identification systems, with the only exception of law enforcement for the prosecution of serious crimes and only after judicial authorization;
“邮寄”远程生物特征识别系统，唯一的例外是起诉严重犯罪的执法，并且只有在司法授权之后；
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biometric categorisation systems using sensitive characteristics (e.g. gender, race, ethnicity, citizenship status, religion, political orientation);
使用敏感特征（例如性别、种族、民族、公民身份、宗教、政治取向）的生物识别分类系统；
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predictive policing systems (based on profiling, location or past criminal behaviour);
预测警务系统（基于分析、位置或过去的犯罪行为）；
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emotion recognition systems in law enforcement, border management, the workplace, and educational institutions; and
执法、边境管理、工作场所和教育机构中的情绪识别系统；和
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untargeted scraping of facial images from the internet or CCTV footage to create facial recognition databases (violating human rights and right to privacy).
从互联网或闭路电视录像中无目的地抓取面部图像以创建面部识别数据库（侵犯人权和隐私权）。
High-risk AI 高风险人工智能
MEPs ensured the classification of high-risk applications will now include AI systems that pose significant harm to people’s health, safety, fundamental rights or the environment. AI systems used to influence voters and the outcome of elections and in recommender systems used by social media platforms (with over 45 million users) were added to the high-risk list.
欧洲议会议员确保高风险应用程序的分类现在将包括对人们的健康、安全、基本权利或环境造成重大损害的人工智能系统。用于影响选民和选举结果的人工智能系统以及社交媒体平台（拥有超过 4500 万用户）使用的推荐系统都被添加到高风险列表中。
Obligations for general purpose AI
通用人工智能的义务
Providers of foundation models - a new and fast-evolving development in the field of AI - would have to assess and mitigate possible risks (to health, safety, fundamental rights, the environment, democracy and rule of law) and register their models in the EU database before their release on the EU market. Generative AI systems based on such models, like ChatGPT, would have to comply with transparency requirements (disclosing that the content was AI-generated, also helping distinguish so-called deep-fake images from real ones) and ensure safeguards against generating illegal content. Detailed summaries of the copyrighted data used for their training would also have to be made publicly available.
基础模型的提供者——人工智能领域的一个新的、快速发展的发展——必须评估和减轻可能的风险（对健康、安全、基本权利、环境、民主和法治），并将其模型注册在欧盟数据库在欧盟市场上发布之前。基于此类模型的生成人工智能系统（例如 ChatGPT）必须遵守透明度要求（披露内容是人工智能生成的，也有助于区分所谓的深度伪造图像和真实图像），并确保防止生成非法内容。用于培训的受版权保护的数据的详细摘要也必须公开。
Supporting innovation and protecting citizens' rights
支持创新，保护公民权利
To boost AI innovation and support SMEs, MEPs added exemptions for research activities and AI components provided under open-source licenses. The new law promotes so-called regulatory sandboxes, or real-life environments, established by public authorities to test AI before it is deployed.
为了促进人工智能创新并支持中小企业，欧洲议会议员增加了对开源许可下提供的研究活动和人工智能组件的豁免。新法律提倡公共当局建立所谓的监管沙箱或现实环境，以在部署人工智能之前对其进行测试。
Finally, MEPs want to boost citizens’ right to file complaints about AI systems and receive explanations of decisions based on high-risk AI systems that significantly impact their fundamental rights. MEPs also reformed the role of the EU AI Office, which would be tasked with monitoring how the AI rulebook is implemented.
最后，欧洲议会议员希望增强公民对人工智能系统提出投诉的权利，并获得基于高风险人工智能系统的决策的解释，这些决策会严重影响他们的基本权利。欧洲议会议员还改革了欧盟人工智能办公室的角色，该办公室的任务是监督人工智能规则手册的实施方式。
Quotes 引号
After the vote, co-rapporteur Brando Benifei (S&D, Italy) said: “All eyes are on us today. While Big Tech companies are sounding the alarm over their own creations, Europe has gone ahead and proposed a concrete response to the risks AI is starting to pose. We want AI’s positive potential for creativity and productivity to be harnessed but we will also fight to protect our position and counter dangers to our democracies and freedoms during the negotiations with Council”.
投票后，联合报告员 Brando Benifei（S&D，意大利）表示：“今天所有人的目光都集中在我们身上。尽管大型科技公司对自己的创造敲响了警钟，但欧洲已经率先提出了针对人工智能开始带来的风险的具体应对措施。我们希望利用人工智能在创造力和生产力方面的积极潜力，但我们也将在与理事会的谈判中努力保护我们的地位并应对对我们民主和自由的威胁。”