2. 大语言模型介绍
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2. 大语言模型介绍
2. 大语言模型介绍
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Google的教学视频《Introduction to Large Language Models | 大语言模型介绍》，介绍了大型语言模型（Large Language Models，LLMs）的概念、使用场景、提示调整以及Google的Gen AI开发工具。
大型语言模型是深度学习的一个子集，可以预训练并进行特定目的的微调。这些模型经过训练，可以解决诸如文本分类、问题回答、文档摘要、跨行业的文本生成等常见语言问题。然后，可以利用相对较小的领域数据集对这些模型进行定制，以解决零售、金融、娱乐等不同领域的特定问题。
大型语言模型的三个主要特征是：大型、通用性和预训练微调。
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"大型"既指训练数据集的巨大规模，也指参数的数量。
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"通用性"意味着这些模型足够解决常见问题。
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"预训练和微调"是指用大型数据集对大型语言模型进行一般性的预训练，然后用较小的数据集对其进行特定目的的微调。
使用大型语言模型的好处包括：一种模型可用于不同的任务；微调大型语言模型需要的领域训练数据较少；随着数据和参数的增加，大型语言模型的性能也在持续增长。
此外，视频还解释了传统编程、神经网络和生成模型的不同，以及预训练模型的LLM开发与传统的ML开发的区别。
在自然语言处理中，提示设计和提示工程是两个密切相关的概念，这两者都涉及创建清晰、简洁、富有信息的提示。视频中还提到了三种类型的大型语言模型：通用语言模型、指令调整模型和对话调整模型。每种模型都需要以不同的方式进行提示。
参考资料：
G-LLM-I-m0-l2-file-en-2.pdf
All Readings: Introduction to Large Language Models (G-LLM-I)
Here are the assembled readings on large language models:
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Google Cloud supercharges NLP with large language models:
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s-nlp-with-large-language-models
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Language Models are Few-Shot Learners: https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2020/file/1457c0d6bfcb4967418bfb8ac142f64a- Paper.pdf
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PaLM-E: An embodied multimodal language model: https://ai.googleblog.com/2023/03/palm-e-embodied-multimodal-language.html
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Pathways Language Model (PaLM): Scaling to 540 Billion Parameters for Breakthrough Performance:
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PaLM API & MakerSuite: an approachable way to start prototyping and building generative AI applications: https://developers.googleblog.com/2023/03/announcing-palm-api-and-makersuite.html
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The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuning: https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2020/file/1457c0d6bfcb4967418bfb8ac142f64a- Paper.pdf
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Google Research, 2022 & beyond: Language models: https://ai.googleblog.com/2023/01/google-research-2022-beyond-language.html#Langu ageModels
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Accelerating text generation with Confident Adaptive Language Modeling (CALM): https://ai.googleblog.com/2022/12/accelerating-text-generation-with.html
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Solving a machine-learning mystery: https://news.mit.edu/2023/large-language-models-in-context-learning-0207
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Here are the assembled readings on generative AI:
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Ask a Techspert: What is generative AI? https://blog.google/inside-google/googlers/ask-a-techspert/what-is-generative-ai/
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Build new generative AI powered search & conversational experiences with Gen App Builder:
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minutes-with-gen-app-builder
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What is generative AI? https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/mckinsey-explainers/what-is-generative-ai
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Google Research, 2022 & beyond: Generative models: https://ai.googleblog.com/2023/01/google-research-2022-beyond-language.html#Gener ativeModels
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Building the most open and innovative AI ecosystem: https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/building-an-open-generativ e-ai-partner-ecosystem
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Generative AI is here. Who Should Control It? https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/21/podcasts/hard-fork-generative-artificial-intelligen ce.html